Tax & Savings

LTCG vs STCG on Equity

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Hold for 12 months vs sell early — how the 12.5% vs 20% tax rate gap affects your net profit.

Home Tools Comparisons LTCG vs STCG on Equity

By Aditya GuptaAccounting & Finance EducatorLast reviewed May 31, 2026Source: IT Act §112A
LTCG (Hold 12+ months) vs STCG (Sell < 12 months)
LTCG Tax (12.5%)
STCG Tax (20%)
Verdict
Visual Comparison

Key Differences

FeatureLTCG (Hold 12+ months)STCG (Sell < 12 months)
Applicable whenEquity held > 12 monthsEquity held < 12 months
Tax rate12.5% above ₹1.25L exemption20% on entire gain
Exemption₹1.25 lakh/year tax-freeNone
Surcharge cap15%15%
SecuritiesListed equity, equity MFListed equity, equity MF

When to Choose Which

Choose LTCG (Hold 12+ months)

  • Investment horizon > 12 months
  • You can plan exit timing
  • Building wealth systematically
  • STCG tax would significantly erode returns

Choose STCG (Sell < 12 months)

  • Need liquidity within 12 months
  • Short-term trading strategy
  • Booked profits to re-balance portfolio
  • Loss harvesting (STCL can offset STCG)

Frequently Asked Questions

LTCG on listed equity and equity mutual funds held 12+ months is taxed at 12.5% on gains above ₹1.25 lakh per year.
STCG on equity held less than 12 months is taxed at 20% flat on the entire gain (no exemption).
You can harvest LTCG up to ₹1.25 lakh annually tax-free by selling and re-buying units. This resets your cost basis and is a legal tax optimization strategy.
Yes. Dividends from equity mutual funds and stocks are added to your income and taxed at slab rate.
For equity purchased before Jan 31, 2018, gains up to that date are grandfathered (not taxed). Cost basis is the higher of actual purchase price or Jan 31, 2018 price.