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GST & Tax

Dividend Income Tax in Tax Year 2026-27: What Changed

Dividends in tax year 2026-27: slab-rate tax, no interest deduction after Finance Act 2026, 10% TDS and the ₹10,000 exception, surcharge cap and buybacks.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
GST & Tax

Tax Audit Under Section 63: Limits, Deadlines and the New Fee

Tax audit under section 63 (earlier 44AB) for tax year 2026-27: ₹1 crore, ₹10 crore and ₹50 lakh limits, presumptive cases, deadlines and the new fee.

6 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
GST & Tax

Form 121 (Earlier 15G and 15H): Stopping TDS When Tax Is Nil

Form 121 replaces Forms 15G and 15H from tax year 2026-27. Who can file it under section 393(6), which income it covers, the conditions, and examples.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
GST & Tax

TCS on Foreign Remittances and Tour Packages After April 2026

From 1 April 2026, TCS is a flat 2% on overseas tour packages and 2% on LRS remittances for education or medical treatment. Other LRS remittances stay at 20%.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
GST & Tax

TDS Rates and Thresholds for Tax Year 2026-27: Section 393

TDS rates and thresholds for tax year 2026-27 under section 393: FD interest, rent, property, dividends, fees, contractors, with earlier section numbers.

6 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
GST & Tax

Capital Gains on Selling Property in Tax Year 2026-27

Selling a house or land in tax year 2026-27: 12.5% or 20% with indexation for pre-July 2024 purchases, CII 384, stamp duty value, TDS, and sections 82, 85, 86.

6 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
GST & Tax

Share Buyback Tax After Finance Act 2026: Capital Gains Again

From tax year 2026-27 a share buyback is taxed as capital gains, not dividend. How shareholders are taxed, the promoter additional tax, and worked examples.

6 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
GST & Tax

Home Loan Tax Benefits Under the Income-tax Act, 2025

Home loan tax benefits for tax year 2026-27: interest under section 22 (earlier 24(b)), principal under section 123, let-out losses and the new regime.

6 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
GST & Tax

Deductions Still Allowed Under the New Regime in 2026-27

What the new tax regime still allows in tax year 2026-27 under section 202(2): standard deduction, employer NPS, gratuity, leave encashment and more.

6 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
GST & Tax

Form 130 (Earlier Form 16): Your Salary TDS Certificate

Form 130 replaces Form 16 from tax year 2026-27. What Parts A, B and C show, the 15 June deadline, job changes, and the related Forms 122, 123 and 124.

6 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
GST & Tax

Debt Mutual Fund Tax Under Section 76 for Tax Year 2026-27

Debt fund units bought on or after 1 April 2023 are always short-term under section 76 and taxed at slab rates. Older units, hybrids and examples in rupees.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
GST & Tax

Tax on Equity Shares and Equity Funds in Tax Year 2026-27

Listed shares and equity fund units in tax year 2026-27: 20% short-term, 12.5% long-term above ₹1.25 lakh, the 12-month rule, 2018 grandfathering and examples.

6 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
GST & Tax

Advance Tax for Tax Year 2026-27: Due Dates and Interest

Advance tax for tax year 2026-27 under sections 403 to 408: the ₹10,000 test, 15/45/75/100% instalments, senior citizen exemption and interest worked in rupees.

6 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
GST & Tax

Surcharge and Marginal Relief for Tax Year 2026-27, Worked

Surcharge rates above ₹50 lakh for tax year 2026-27, the 15% cap on capital gains and dividends, and marginal relief worked at ₹51 lakh and ₹1.01 crore.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
GST & Tax

Tax Year vs Assessment Year: Which Label Applies From 2026

From 1 April 2026 the Income-tax Act, 2025 uses "tax year". What that means for FY 2025-26 returns, AY 2026-27, carried-forward losses and notices.

6 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
GST & Tax

Revised and Updated Returns After Finance Act 2026

Found a mistake in a filed ITR? Revised-return deadlines, the new section 234-I fee, and updated-return extra tax for AY 2026-27 and tax year 2026-27.

7 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
GST & Tax

Capital Loss Set-Off and Carry Forward Under the 2025 Act

How short-term and long-term capital losses are set off and carried forward from tax year 2026-27: sections 108, 109, 111 and 121, worked in rupees.

6 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
GST & Tax

Sovereign Gold Bond Tax After Finance Act 2026: Who Is Tax-Free

From tax year 2026-27, SGB redemption is tax-free only if an individual held the bond from original issue to maturity. Secondary buyers now pay tax.

6 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
GST & Tax

HRA Exemption for Tax Year 2026-27: The Eight 50% Cities

HRA exemption for tax year 2026-27: the least-of-three test in rule 279, the eight cities that get 50% of salary, and a worked example in rupees.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
GST & Tax

New Tax Regime Slabs for Tax Year 2026-27, With Worked Examples

New regime slabs for tax year 2026-27 under section 202, the ₹60,000 rebate up to ₹12 lakh, marginal relief, surcharge and cess, worked in rupees.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

Reviewing Accounts Payable Ageing: What to Look For Each Month

A payables ageing report shows who you owe and for how long. How to read it, spot duplicates and debit balances, and decide which bills to pay first.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Personal Finance

Managing Money as a Couple: A System That Avoids Arguments

Two incomes of ₹1.2 lakh and ₹80,000: splitting shared costs in proportion, a joint account for bills, personal money for each, and a monthly check-in.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Investing

Step-Up SIP: How Much to Increase Each Year and Why It Matters

₹10,000 a month for 20 years at 12% grows to about ₹99 lakh. Raise it 10% a year and it reaches about ₹1.97 crore. How to choose a step-up you can keep.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Business Finance

Raising Prices: How Many Customers Can You Afford to Lose?

With a 40% contribution margin, a 5% price rise still pays off if volume falls by less than 11%. The formula, a cost-increase case, and how to test a rise.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
GST & Tax

Reconciling Your GST Ledgers to the Returns You Filed

Sales per books ₹42.5 lakh, per return ₹41.8 lakh. A monthly tie-out of sales, output tax and input credit ledgers to what was filed, with a worked example.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
GST & Tax

A Year-Round System for Your Tax Papers

Filing is easier when every certificate, statement and receipt has a place from April. A simple folder structure, a monthly habit and a pre-filing check.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

Petty Cash on the Imprest System: Controls in Ten Minutes

A fixed ₹10,000 float, a voucher for every payment, and a top-up equal to what was spent. How the imprest system works, with the entries and a monthly count.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

Contingent Liabilities: Reading and Writing the Notes

A lawsuit, a guarantee, a disputed demand: when to book a provision, when to disclose a contingent liability, when to say nothing, and how to read the note.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

Advance Payments and Deferred Revenue: When Cash Isn’t Income

A customer pays ₹1.2 lakh upfront for a year's service. Only the months delivered are revenue. The entries, the monthly release, and why it matters.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

Inventory at Lower of Cost and Net Realisable Value

Stock bought at ₹800 a unit that will now sell for ₹650 after selling costs must be written down. How to work out NRV, item by item, with the entry.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

Provision for Doubtful Debts: Estimating and Booking It

An ageing-based provision on ₹20 lakh of receivables, worked through: the rates, the journal entries, write-offs, recoveries and what the auditor will ask.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Personal Finance

Lifestyle Inflation: Finding It in Your Own Bank Statement

Income up 29% in two years, spending up 44%, savings down. A one-hour method to compare old and new bank statements and see where the extra money went.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Personal Finance

How Much Health Insurance Sum Insured Is Enough?

Size health cover from what a serious hospital stay costs in your city, not a round number. How floaters share cover, and where a super top-up fits.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Personal Finance

Setting Financial Goals in Future Rupees, Not Today’s

An education goal of ₹15 lakh today needs about ₹37.8 lakh in 12 years at 8% inflation. How to size goals in future rupees and the saving that follows.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Personal Finance

Save First or Borrow? Buying Something Big on a Loan

A ₹6 lakh purchase on a 3-year loan costs about ₹97,000 in interest. Saving the same EMI gets you there in 33 months. How to weigh waiting against borrowing.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Personal Finance

Reading a Credit Card Statement: Minimum Due vs Total Due

Paying only the minimum on a ₹50,000 card bill can cost about ₹2,000 in a month. What each line on a card statement means and which figure to pay.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Personal Finance

A Household Budget That Survives Real Life: A Worked Method

A budget on ₹90,000 take-home, line by line: fixed costs, sinking funds for annual bills, saving first, and a spending allowance you can track in minutes.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Investing

The P/E Ratio: What It Tells You and What It Hides

A P/E of 20 means paying ₹20 for each ₹1 of annual profit. How to read it, why one-off items distort it, and when a low P/E is not a bargain.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Investing

Dividend Yield vs Total Return: Why a High Yield Can Mislead

A 5% dividend yield means little if the share price falls 10%. How to read dividend yield, payout ratio and total return together before buying for income.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Investing

Tracking Error and Tracking Difference in Index Funds

Tracking difference is how much an index fund lagged its index; tracking error is how erratically. How to read both and which matters more when choosing a fund.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Investing

Rebalancing a Portfolio: When, How Often and How Far

A 60:40 portfolio drifted to 65:35 after a strong year. How to bring it back, calendar or threshold rules, and ways to rebalance without selling.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Business Software

Bank Feeds and Auto-Reconciliation: What They Miss

Automatic bank matching saves hours but matches only what it is shown. What bank feeds do well, the errors they let through, and checks to keep manual.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Business Software

Spreadsheet Controls: Stopping the Errors That Cost Money

Check totals, locked inputs, one-direction formulas and a review step: simple controls that stop a finance spreadsheet breaking without anyone noticing.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Business Software

Setting Up a Chart of Accounts Before You Import Anything

How to structure a small business chart of accounts: the five groups, a numbering scheme, how detailed to go, and separate GST and TDS ledgers.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Business Finance

Rolling Forecasts: Replacing the Annual Budget Nobody Opens

A 12-month forecast that adds a month every month, built on a few drivers instead of hundreds of lines. How to set one up and keep it honest.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Business Finance

Five Numbers a Small Business Owner Should See Every Monday

Cash against the reserve, overdue receivables, new orders, weekly margin and payments due soon: a one-page Monday view that warns before the accounts do.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Business Finance

Which Product Actually Makes Money: Profitability by Line

Allocate ₹30 lakh of overhead by revenue and one line breaks even; allocate by what drives the cost and it loses ₹12 lakh. How to measure line profit.

4 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Business Finance

Customer Concentration: When One Client Is a Risk to the Business

A business making ₹20 lakh with 45% of sales from one customer would lose ₹11.5 lakh a year without it. How to measure concentration and cut the risk.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Business Software

Choosing Accounting Software: A Decision Framework, Not a Ranking

The questions that should decide which accounting software a small Indian business uses: compliance, inventory, users, integrations, data and total cost.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Business Software

Moving to New Accounting Software: The Cut-Over Checklist

Pick a cut-over date, bring open invoices across one by one, prove the opening trial balance and run a month in parallel: the software switch checklist.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Business Finance

Reading a Business Loan Sanction Letter Line by Line

Rate resets, fees, security, covenants, prepayment and penal charges: what each clause in a business loan sanction letter costs you, worked in rupees.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Personal Finance

Your Personal Balance Sheet: Building a Net Worth Statement

₹1.17 crore of assets and ₹55 lakh of loans make a ₹62 lakh net worth, but only ₹22 lakh the household could use. How to build the statement and read it.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

The Suspense Account: Why It Exists and How to Clear It

A trial balance out by ₹4,500, a suspense account to hold the difference, and the two errors behind it. How to trace the gap and post the corrections.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Investing

Averaging Down: What the Arithmetic Shows and What It Hides

Buying more at ₹300 cuts the rise needed to break even from 67% to 33%. It also doubles what you lose if the stock keeps falling. Both sides of the arithmetic.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Investing

How to Read a Mutual Fund Factsheet

Expense ratio, turnover, standard deviation, Sharpe ratio, beta and, for debt funds, YTM and duration: what each factsheet number means and how to use it.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Investing

Rolling Returns: Why a Fund’s 5-Year Return Can Mislead

The same fund can show 0.8%, 8.4% or 12.9% as its five-year return depending on the start date. How rolling returns remove that luck and what to read in them.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Business Finance

How Much Cash Reserve a Small Business Should Hold

Size a minimum cash balance from fixed costs, your biggest customer's payment risk and upcoming statutory dues, worked for ₹6 lakh of monthly fixed costs.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Business Finance

Invoice Discounting or Overdraft: Pricing Receivables Finance

A 12% discount rate plus a 0.5% fee on a 60-day invoice costs about 15.8% a year, against 11.5% on an overdraft. How to compare the two on the same basis.

4 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Business Finance

Customer Acquisition Cost: How Long Before a Customer Pays Back

A ₹5,000 acquisition cost and ₹1,000 a month of margin looks like a 5-month payback. With churn it is closer to 6. How to compute CAC payback honestly.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Personal Finance

How Much Term Insurance Cover You Need

Ten times income said ₹1.2 crore; a needs-based calculation for the same 35-year-old said ₹1.6 crore. How to work out the sum assured from real numbers.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Business Software

When Excel Stops Being Enough for Your Books

Spreadsheets suit a first year of simple books. Seven signs they have become a risk, what accounting software adds, and what spreadsheets still do best.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

Prepaid and Accrued Expenses: The Month-End Entries

The four month-end adjustments: prepaid and accrued expenses, accrued income and income received in advance, with the journal entries in rupees.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Personal Finance

Which Loan to Prepay First: Avalanche, Snowball and Exceptions

Card, personal loan, car loan and home loan: ₹1 lakh of spare cash saves ₹42,000 or ₹8,500 depending on where it goes. The order, and when to break it.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Personal Finance

How Big Should Your Emergency Fund Be? A Method, Not a Rule

Size an emergency fund from essential expenses and how stable your income is, not a fixed six months. Worked for three Indian households, with where to keep it.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Business Finance

Budget vs Actual: Running a Monthly Review That Changes Decisions

A business planned ₹2.2 lakh of operating profit and made ₹41,000. How to lay out the monthly comparison, split the gap into causes, and act on it.

4 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Business Finance

Fixed or Variable: Classifying Costs From a Real Ledger

Sort a small business ledger into fixed, variable and mixed costs, split a mixed cost with the high-low method, and avoid errors that distort break-even.

4 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Business Finance

Contribution Margin: The Number Behind Every Pricing Decision

Why a special order that looks loss-making on full cost can add ₹1.6 lakh of profit, and why the product with the bigger margin is not always the one to make.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Business Software

IRR, XIRR and NPV in Excel: The Formulas and Their Traps

Why =NPV() gives a different answer from the textbook, when IRR needs XIRR instead, and the sign and period mistakes behind most wrong spreadsheet returns.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Investing

Sequence Risk: Why the Order of Returns Matters in Retirement

Same ₹1 crore, same withdrawals, same average return: one retiree ends with ₹1.16 crore, the other ₹79 lakh. Why order matters and how to cut the risk.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Investing

What a 1% Expense Ratio Costs Over 20 Years

A one-percentage-point gap in expense ratio on a ₹10,000 SIP leaves about ₹9.6 lakh less after 20 years. Why fees compound, and how to compare them properly.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

Accrual or Cash Basis: Why Your Profit Depends on the Method

The same month shows a ₹1.5 lakh loss on a cash basis and a ₹65,000 profit on accruals. What each method records, the entries behind it, and which one to trust.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

How to Read a Profit and Loss Statement

The Statement of Profit and Loss line by line, in the order Indian companies present it, with a worked example and the five figures worth computing from it.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Business Finance

DSCR: The Ratio That Decides How Much a Bank Will Lend

How the debt service coverage ratio is computed for a business loan, worked in rupees, and why a profitable business can still fail the test after one new loan.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Business Finance

What a 10% Discount Really Costs Your Margin

A 10% price cut on a 40% contribution margin needs a third more volume just to stand still. The formula, a ready table, and when a discount is still worth it.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Business Finance

Cash Conversion Cycle: How Long Your Money Is Stuck

Days in stock plus days to collect, minus days you take to pay. How to compute the cycle from your own accounts, and which lever frees the most cash.

6 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Personal Finance

Credit Card EMI or Loan Against Securities

Two ways to fund a large purchase without selling investments. The true cost of each, including the charges that do not appear in the advertised rate.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Personal Finance

Axis Atlas: How the EDGE Miles Arithmetic Works

Earn rates, milestone tiers and transfer ratios turned into a rupee value per mile, so you can compute your own break-even against the fee.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Personal Finance

Debt-to-Income Ratio: What Indian Lenders Actually Use

Indian lenders assess FOIR, not the US-style DTI most search results describe. What goes into it, what does not, and how to improve it.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Personal Finance

Home Loan or Loan Against Property: Which Costs Less

Two loans secured on the same house, priced very differently. What drives the gap, and when a loan against property is still the right answer.

5 min readUpdated 2026-10 Read article →
Personal Finance

Post Office Schemes Compared: PPF, SCSS, KVP, NSC and SSY

One table across eligibility, lock-in, taxation and premature exit, showing who each scheme suits, with a calculator linked for every one of the five.

6 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Personal Finance

PPF or Sukanya Samriddhi for a Daughter’s Education

PPF or Sukanya Samriddhi for a daughter's education: when each scheme's money actually becomes available, matched against the years school and college fees fall due.

5 min readUpdated 2026-10 Read article →
Personal Finance

NPS or ELSS: Which Deduction Actually Suits You

Lock-in, liquidity and what happens at exit, not just the deduction. Section 123 and section 124 under the Income-tax Act, 2025.

5 min readUpdated 2026-10 Read article →
Investing

SGB, Gold ETF or Physical Gold: How They Differ

Three ways to hold the same metal, compared on cost, liquidity, holding period, counterparty and what you actually end up owning.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Investing

Real Return: What Inflation Quietly Does to Your FD

The Fisher relation done properly rather than by subtraction, then applied after tax to a fixed deposit, which is where most savers actually lose.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Investing

XIRR or CAGR: Which Number Should Judge Your Portfolio

The same SIP measured both ways, showing why CAGR flatters a series of irregular contributions and when each number is the right one.

6 min readUpdated 2026-10 Read article →
Investing

Gold or Mutual Funds, After Charges and Tax

Making charges, purity loss on resale and holding costs netted off before any return comparison. The costs platform pages leave out.

5 min readUpdated 2026-10 Read article →
Accounting

FIFO or Weighted Average: Inventory Valuation and Its Effect

The same purchases and sales valued both ways, showing what each does to gross profit and closing stock when prices are rising.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

Debits and Credits: The Rule That Finally Makes Sense

Derived from the accounting equation instead of memorised, then tested against six transactions people habitually get backwards.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

From Trial Balance to Balance Sheet

One company's trial balance carried through every adjusting entry to a finished balance sheet and profit and loss account.

6 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

Profit Margin vs Markup: The Pricing Mistake That Costs You

A 50% markup is a 33.3% margin. The conversion both ways, why the confusion is expensive, and the error quantified in rupees.

6 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

Break-Even Analysis for a Small Business

Contribution margin, break-even in units and rupees, and the margin of safety, worked for a service business where units are ambiguous.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

The Twelve Financial Ratios Worth Computing

Twelve, not fifty. Each with the question it answers, computed from one set of statements, with realistic Indian benchmark ranges.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

Standard Costing and Variance Analysis, With Real Numbers

Material, labour and overhead variances computed from one month of production, and the management question each one actually answers.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

How Much Working Capital Does Your Business Actually Need

Turn your operating cycle into a rupee figure. Receivable days plus inventory days minus payable days, worked end to end for a real business.

6 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

The Fixed Asset Register, and What an Auditor Looks For

What belongs in a fixed asset register, the three-way reconciliation an auditor actually performs, and the five discrepancies that come up every year.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

Capitalise or Expense: The Repairs Decision

A working rule for repairs versus improvement, tested on the borderline cases that actually come up, with the tax consequence of each answer.

6 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

Operating or Finance Lease: Telling Them Apart

Ind AS 116 collapsed lessee accounting into one model. What survives of the distinction, and what it does to EBITDA, gearing and your covenants.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

Block of Assets: Why Selling One Machine Changes Nothing

Tax depreciation is computed on the block, not the asset. What that means when you sell, scrap or add machinery, worked in rupees.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

TOL/TNW: The Ratio Your Banker Judges You On

Total outside liabilities to tangible net worth, computed from a real balance sheet, including what banks strip out and why intangibles hurt you.

6 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

Book vs Tax Depreciation: The Deferred Tax Working

One machine carried through both systems for five years, with the timing difference and the deferred tax balance computed each year.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

Bank Reconciliation, Step by Step

Your cash book and the bank disagree. A worked reconciliation from two opposing balances to agreement, plus the four differences that cause the gap.

6 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

Payback, IRR or NPV: Which One Answers Your Question

Three methods, one set of cash flows, three different answers. A worked Indian example of when payback, IRR and NPV disagree, and which to follow.

5 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

How to Read a Cash Flow Statement

A worked Indian example of a company that reported Rs 48 lakh profit and still lost cash. What each section tells you, and the lines that matter.

6 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

Company Car or Your Own Car: How the Perquisite Is Taxed

The operative 2026 perquisite table for motor cars in Rs per month. Employer-owned, employee-owned, official and mixed use, and the chauffeur add-on.

7 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

WDV or SLM: Choosing a Depreciation Method in India

The same asset, both methods, year by year. Where you genuinely have a choice, where you do not, and what the choice does to reported profit.

7 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

Income Tax vs Companies Act Depreciation: Why Two Numbers

Book depreciation follows Schedule II. Tax depreciation follows section 33 and Appendix I. Why they differ, what each is for, and where the gap goes.

7 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

Schedule II Depreciation: Useful Lives to SLM and WDV Rates

Schedule II gives useful lives, not rates. How to derive the SLM and WDV rate from a useful life, with the 5% residual rule and a worked example.

6 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Personal Finance

Health Insurance Claims: Cashless or Reimbursement, and How Each Works

Cashless or reimbursement health insurance claims: how cashless approval works, when reimbursement is the only route, insurer timelines, and short settlements.

7 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Personal Finance

What to Do With Your EPF When You Change Jobs

EPF when you change jobs: transfer or withdraw, what the five-year rule counts, when TDS applies, and what happens to the pension part.

7 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Personal Finance

How to Check Your Credit Report and Get an Error Fixed

What is on an Indian credit report, which errors are common, and the exact route to get one corrected, including who to contact and their deadline.

7 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Business Finance

What to Do When a Customer Does Not Pay

What to do when a customer does not pay in India: collection steps, the MSME delayed-payment route, legal options, and GST and tax on bad debts.

8 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Business Finance

How to Price a Service Business

How to price a service business: cost-plus gives the floor, not the price. Hourly, fixed-fee or retainer, value pricing, and raising prices safely.

6 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Business Finance

How to Build a 13-Week Cash Flow Forecast

A 13-week cash flow forecast is a receipts-and-payments schedule, not a budget. How to build one, why 13 weeks, and how to roll it forward each week.

7 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Accounting

The Month-End Close: A Working Checklist for a Small Business

A month-end close for a small business is a fixed sequence run in the first week of each month. The steps in order, with the reconciliations that catch errors.

7 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
GST & Tax

How to Respond to an Income Tax Notice

Most income tax notices are routine. What each section means, which have hard deadlines, and the steps to respond on the e-filing portal.

6 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
GST & Tax

Presumptive Taxation: When 44AD and 44ADA Actually Save You Money

Section 44AD and 44ADA let small businesses and professionals declare a fixed percentage of turnover as income. The thresholds, the 6 versus 8 percent split, the five-year lock-in and when regular books are genuinely better.

7 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
GST & Tax

How to Fix a TDS Mismatch in Form 26AS and AIS

Your TDS certificate and Form 26AS disagree. What causes the gap, how to read 26AS against AIS and TIS, and the exact steps to get the mismatch corrected.

7 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
GST & Tax

Which ITR Form Should You File? A Decision Guide for AY 2026-27

ITR-1, ITR-2, ITR-3 or ITR-4 for AY 2026-27: the disqualifiers that push you off the simple form, and why the wrong form gets a return marked defective.

6 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
GST & Tax

GST Input Tax Credit: The Rules That Actually Block Your Claim

Most denied GST input tax credit is one of four failures: supplier did not file, a Section 17(5) block, the November deadline, or no payment in 180 days.

7 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Business Software

Zoho One Review (2026): Is the All-in-One Business Suite Worth It?

An honest guide to Zoho One — what it is, the 50+ apps, All-Employee versus Flexible pricing, the CRM, Finance and People suites, pros and cons.

26 min readUpdated 2026-10 Read article →
Investing

Mutual Funds in India: The Complete 2026 Guide (SIP, NAV, Taxes & Top Funds)

Complete guide to mutual funds in India (2026): SIP, NAV, expense ratios, taxation, types and a sortable table of top funds in each category.

10 min readUpdated 2026-10 Read article →
Personal Finance

UNI Card Review 2026 — Pay 1/3rd, 1% Cashback & Lifetime Free Credit Card Explained

Complete UNI Card review for 2026 — lifetime free, Pay 1/3rd interest-free splits, 1% cashback, 0% forex markup. Features, fees, eligibility, pros, cons, FAQs and application steps explained.

13 min readUpdated 2026-10 Read article →
GST & Tax

Markets and Taxation in India — A Complete Guide for Investors and Traders (2026)

How Indian income tax treats market activity — capital gains, trading as business income, advance tax, ITR forms, loss harvesting and foreign stocks.

18 min readUpdated 2026-10 Read article →
Investing

Sector Analysis Explained — A Practical Guide to 9 Major Indian Industries (2026)

A sector-by-sector guide to nine Indian industries — cement, insurance, IT, auto, banking, steel, hotels, retail and real estate: metrics, leaders and risks.

15 min readUpdated 2026-10 Read article →
Personal Finance

NPS Explained — A Complete Guide to the National Pension System in India (2026)

A plain-language guide to the National Pension System — the two tiers, investment choices, tax benefits, withdrawal rules, NPS Vatsalya and Corporate NPS.

17 min readUpdated 2026-10 Read article →
Accounting

How to Read a Balance Sheet — A Plain-Language Guide for Indian Learners

A plain-English guide to reading a company balance sheet — assets, liabilities, equity, the key ratios, a worked example and the red flags to watch.

14 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
Investing

SIP vs Lump Sum Investment: Which is Better for Indian Investors in 2025?

An honest comparison of SIP and lump sum investing — the maths, rupee-cost averaging, step-up SIPs, STP, taxes and how to decide which suits you.

13 min readUpdated 2026-10 Read article →
GST & Tax

How to File GST Return for Small Business in India — Complete Guide 2025

A practical guide to filing GST returns for a small business — registration, GSTR-1, GSTR-3B, QRMP, input tax credit, due dates and penalties.

13 min readUpdated 2026-09 Read article →
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